Konstantin pobedonostsev biography books

From to he was professor of Russian civil law in the Moscow University, and instructed the sons of Alexander II in the theory of law and administration. In he became a senator in St Petersburg, in a member of the council of the empire, and in chief procurator of the Holy Synod. In the early years of the reign of Alexander II -Pobedonostsev maintained, though keeping aloof from the Slavophils, that Occidental institutions were radically bad in themselves and totally inapplicable to Russia.

Parliamentary methods of administration, modern judicial organization and procedure, trial by jury, freedom of the press, secular education - these were among the principal objects of his aversion. He subjected all of them to a severe analysis in his Reflections of a Russian Statesman. To these dangerous products of Occidental rationalism he found a counterpoise in popular vis inertiae, and in the respect of the masses for institutions developed slowly and automatically during the past centuries of national life.

Among the practical deductions drawn from these premisses is the necessity of preserving the autocratic power, and of fostering among the people the traditional veneration for the ritual of the national Church. After the death of Alexander III he lost much of his influence, for Nicholas II, while clinging to his father's Russification policy and even extending it to Finland, disliked the idea of systematic religious persecution, and was not wholly averse from the partial emancipation of the Russian Church from civil control.

During the revolutionary tumult which followed the disastrous war with Japan Pobedonostsev, being nearly 80 years of age, retired from public affairs. He was an important contributor to the reform of the Russian judicial system. His service as one of the tutors and closest advisers of Alexander III helped make the latter a most reactionary ruler.

He sought to defend Russia and the Russian Orthodox church against all rival religious groups, such as the Old Believers, Baptists, Catholics, and Jews. He always showed himself an uncompromising Conservative, and never shrank from expressing boldly his opinions. Consequently, in the so-called Liberal camp he was always denounced an an "obscurantist" and an enemy of progress.

In the sphere of practical politics he exercised considerable influence by inspiring and encouraging the Russification policy of Alexander IIIwhich found expression in an administrative Nationalist propaganda and led to a good deal of religious persecution. Back to Profile.

Konstantin pobedonostsev biography books

Photos Works. Main Photo. As director general, Pobedonostsev attempted to restrict the number and the rights of other religious groups in Russia. Under his influence Alexander III opposed any limitation of his autocratic powers, tightened censorship, tried to suppress all opposition opinion, and persecuted konstantin pobedonostsev biography books nonconformists.

Pobedonostsev also tutored the future Nicholas II and was one of his most influential advisers until the Revolution of In his writing Pobedonostsev strongly attacked Western rationalism and liberalism. He died in St. Petersburg on March 23, Pobedonostsev's Reflections of a Russian Statesman ; trans. A reprint has a useful foreword by Murray Polner.

The only biography in English is Robert F. Byrnes's solid work, Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought See also the article on Pobedonostsev in Arthur E. Adams, ed. Pobedonostsev, Konstantin gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. See also: alexander iii; holy synod; nicholas ii; slavophiles bibliography Byrnes, Robert F.

Michelle DenBeste. Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev gale. Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev The Russian statesman and jurist Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsevas director general of the Holy Synodbecame a champion of czarist autocracy, orthodoxy, and Russian nationalism. More From encyclopedia. Updated Aug 18 About encyclopedia. Konstan, David Konstam, Phyllis — Konstam, Angus Konrath, J oseph A ndrew Konrads, Ilsa —.

Konrad, Thomas Edmund Konrad, George. Konrad, Cathy. Konrad Zuse. Konrad Zacharias Lorenz. Konrad Z. Konrad von Megenburg. Konrad Lorenz. Konrad Kyeser von Eichstadt. Konrad Gesner. Konrad Emil Bloch. Konoye, Hidemaro. Konstantinidis, Aris. Kont, Paul. Kontarsky, Alfons. Kontarsky, Aloys. Kontarsky, Bernhard. Kontis, Alethea ? Kontski, Antoine de.

Kontski, Apollinaire de. Kontski, Charles de. Konvitz, Joseph. Pobedonostsev's reputation in Russian history rests largely upon his accomplishments as director general of the Holy Synod. For 25 years his influence on the religious and political life of Russia was enormous as a result of his official positions and his relations with the czars, their wives, the imperial family, and the court.

In Pobedonostsev advised Alexander III concerning the selection of his ministers, most of whom were named upon his recommendation. The Czar consented to Pobedonostsev's policy of the Russification of minority groups, particularly Jews and dissenters. As director general, Pobedonostsev attempted to restrict the number and the rights of other religious groups in Russia.

Under his influence Alexander III opposed any limitation of his autocratic powers, tightened censorship, tried to suppress all opposition opinion, and persecuted religious nonconformists. Pobedonostsev also tutored the future Nicholas II and was one of his most influential advisers until the Revolution of In his writing Pobedonostsev strongly attacked Western rationalism and liberalism.

He died in St. Petersburg on March 23, In the sphere of practical politics Pobedonostsev exercised considerable influence in the Russification policy of Alexander III. This found expression in nationalist propaganda. Pobedonostsev's Reflections of a Russian Statesman ; trans. Pobedonostsev did develop a social program for the Church while limiting its autonomy.

He imposed repressive measures against the non-Orthodox. He carried out major Church reforms, but they resulted in a church that by was enmeshed in bureaucracy, alienated in many ways from society, resentful of secular authorities, and divided internally. Stagnation in church and state policies prevailed until Pobedonostsev retired in Quotations: "In a Democracy, the real rulers are the dexterous manipulators of votes, with their placemen, the mechanics who so skillfully operate the hidden springs which move the puppets in the arena of democratic elections.

Men of this kind are ever ready with loud speeches lauding equality; in reality, they rule the people as any despot or military dictator might rule it. At the same time, he was a man of immense learning and scholarship who was widely respected among foreign diplomats. He read and spoke most European languages and was deeply familiar with the great body of European and American literature and philosophy—although he strongly supported censorship and tight controls for other Russians.

Back to Profile. Photos Works. Main Photo. Konstantin Pobedonostsev. School period Add photo.